Understanding your market is the cornerstone of any successful shared kitchen venture. Market research not only clarifies who your potential members are but also reveals their needs, challenges, and opportunities within your local food ecosystem. By delving into the nuances of your target market— whether they’re entrepreneurs, producers, or small food businesses—you can ensure that your kitchen’s offerings are tailored to meet real demands. A well-conducted market analysis can uncover gaps in existing services, forecast the potential for shared kitchen rentals, and provide insights into the broader economic and competitive landscape.
This chapter demystifies the process of market research, showing you how to systematically investigate the needs of food entrepreneurs and assess the local demand for kitchen space. From conducting surveys and interviews to understanding local market conditions and competition, you’ll learn practical techniques for gathering and interpreting data that will shape your kitchen’s design and service offerings. Whether you’re exploring the potential for launching a new kitchen or looking to make an existing facility more competitive, market research is an essential tool that will guide your decision-making and strategic planning, helping you create a kitchen that thrives. This chapter also explores creative alternatives to traditional shared kitchens, offering ideas for how to support entrepreneurs even if demand doesn’t align with your original plans.
Getting Started
Successful shared kitchens and incubator programs are grounded in a strong understanding of community and member needs. While it can be tempting to primarily focus on the facility design and funding when planning a kitchen, the most critical element is understanding your market. Surveying entrepreneur needs and identifying existing kitchen space in your community enables kitchens to validate whether there is a need for the facility and enough demand to support it. This market research will inspire creative, local solutions and guide subsequent planning decisions about kitchen design and programming.
Robust market research early in your planning process will provide many benefits. It will:
- Ensure your design aligns with the specific needs and preferences of your community’s entrepreneurs.
- Determine if there is sufficient demand to justify moving forward, helping you avoid unnecessary investment or prompting adjustments to the project scope.
- Encourage early revisions or pivots before you and your stakeholders become too committed, allowing for greater innovation.
- Establish clear project parameters that guide the next stages of planning.
- Gain a deeper understanding of your target audience and confidence that your facility will meet their needs, strengthening your ability to secure support and funding.
There is a wide range of practices among shared kitchens and incubators when conducting market research for a new kitchen. Projects initiated by public agencies and nonprofits often utilize outside consultants to conduct feasibility studies or market assessments. Entrepreneur-led projects frequently conduct their own research on the market opportunity through pre-development marketing and interviews. While some founders put a lot of stake in this research, others undertake it primarily to qualify for funding.
Fundamentally, a shared kitchen/incubator is successful only if its members are successful. This means that kitchen success requires understanding how entrepreneurs and producers define success and what stands in the way of them achieving it. Yet some kitchens fail to invest in understanding their members, markets, and food systems before building, increasing the likelihood of failure.
Kitchen founders who do not have experience with business or development may need help understanding what market research is and how to conduct it. This inexperience can lead them to undervalue it. Several common misunderstandings lead founders to underinvest in researching their markets, including:
- We do not need to do market research because we are not trying to make a profit.
- My area has no shared kitchen, so I know there must be a need for it.
- Market research is too expensive.
- I cannot afford a feasibility study or consultant, so I cannot do market research.
- The best time to do market research is after we have decided what we will build.
- The primary goal of market research is to convince other people to give us money.
- A Google search is all the market research I need.
Developing a Research Budget
The first step in planning is to develop realistic expectations about your planning process. A common mistake in planning a kitchen project is to underestimate the time and resources needed for planning. You may want to read through the Alchemist Kitchen Case Study to gain insight into the journey of launching a shared kitchen, from initial planning to full facility operations. Unrealistic expectations of costs and timelines can erode your sense of progress and leave your team feeling discouraged. Underfunding your planning can also threaten your success by pushing you to skip important research and due diligence activities. Regardless of whether you are launching a self-funded for-profit venture, an upstart nonprofit, or a public agency initiative, it is essential to develop a comprehensive budget and timeline for your planning process. This should include:
- Legal and accounting expertise Costs for hiring lawyers and accountants to establish your organization and handle required filings.
- Marketing budget. Funds for initial branding efforts, including graphic design, website creation, and promotional materials.
- Market research. Budget for outreach, conducting interviews, focus groups, and building connections with service providers, which may also cover consultants for feasibility studies or needs assessments.
- Staffing costs. Payroll for team members involved in planning, outreach, and development, leading up to revenue generation.
- Construction and design expenses. Architecture, engineering, and site vetting costs, including blueprints and design work.
- Permits and fees. Allocation for development permits and associated regulatory fees.
- Education and travel. Budget for professional development, such as attending industry events like the Shared Kitchen Summit, participating in workshops, or visiting other successful shared kitchens.
Accounting for all these costs will likely leave you with an estimate in the tens of thousands of dollars. Organizations often spend $30,000–$100,000 on feasibility studies and business plans alone. It may cost you or your organization a couple of years’ worth of staff time to do the planning work on your own. You may spend thousands of dollars paying design and engineering professionals to evaluate the costs and feasibility of several sites before securing your final location. Developing your organizational entity may cost several thousands of dollars in legal and accounting fees. Designing your brand and gaining an online presence will also cost thousands of dollars unless your team has the skills to do it.
Any skills you or your team bring to the project can reduce these out-of-pocket costs, but you should still be realistic about the time you will invest and the opportunity costs of that effort. You might also reduce these costs by soliciting help from partners and others in your network who are willing to donate services. This approach can save considerable money but may take longer to complete. Counting on someone to do you a favor is generally less reliable than hiring a professional since paying customers usually receive top priority. You should allocate extra time for donated services, establish clear expectations, and have a contingency plan if they are not delivered promptly.
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Target Market
Before beginning your research, it’s essential to identify the types of food businesses that could potentially rent your kitchen. Shared kitchens cater to a diverse array of food and beverage makers, with the facility design influencing which types of businesses are best suited for the space. A recent survey of kitchen incubators revealed that bakers, caterers, and food trucks are among the most common renters. Additionally, many kitchens are utilized by businesses producing prepared meals and sauces or spreads. However, the potential range of food business renters extends far beyond these categories, and may include:
- Agricultural products (value-added, lightly processed, or packaged)
- Allergen- or diet-specific foods
- Beer, wine, and liquor (special licensing requirements apply; may require separate facilities)
- Baked goods and pastry
- Catering or food service
- Chocolate, confectionery, and candy
- Consumer packaged goods
- Delivery-only restaurants (ghost kitchens)
- Delivery operations of established local and national restaurants
- Fermented food or beverage
- Food trucks or mobile cart vendors
- Marijuana product manufacturers (special licensing requirements apply; may require separate facilities)
- Meal service or box delivery programs
- Non-alcoholic beverage
- Pet food
The types of food businesses your facility caters to will impact your business model, financial planning, facility design, and marketing. So it is important to explore these types and make a preliminary list of those you aim to serve. In the following sections of this Shared Kitchen Toolkit, we will guide you through the process of understanding their needs.
Most Common types of food business renting commercial kitchen space
Caterer
Baker
Food truck/Mobile vendor
Packaged good (CPG)
Meal prep
Private chef
Farmer/Producer
Delivery only
Instructors/educators
Other
Feasibility Studies
Formal feasibility studies provide an objective analysis and recommendation about the feasibility of a potential project. They answer critical questions about whether the project is likely to succeed, including whether there is a need and sufficient demand for a facility and/or service, whether it can be financially sustainable, what support is needed, and whether there is sufficient management capacity and stakeholder support. Feasibility studies are an independent assessment of the project’s viability, concluding with a go/no-go recommendation about whether or not to move forward. This means the consultants sometimes conclude that the project should not be built. While the scope may differ between studies, feasibility studies generally answer the following questions:
- Should we build it?
- Is there enough demand for kitchen space to support it?
- Will it be financially viable? Will it be self-sufficient?
- Is there political/stakeholder support for the project?
- How much will it cost to build?
- Will it achieve the goals of the owner and stakeholders?
The scope of the study may be more extensive if the project is spearheaded by nonprofit, public sector, or institutional entities to achieve social, economic, or food systems impacts, such as poverty alleviation, job creation, or improved farm viability. For these projects, the study often includes a needs assessment that evaluates the barriers entrepreneurs, small businesses, and producers face; their business support and capital needs; and the resources available in the support ecosystem. The study will also evaluate the project’s potential social and economic impacts and may include economic impact projections. Additionally, these studies may look at the project’s funding outlook and recommend potential funding sources. Nonprofit and public projects often find that the objective validation provided by the feasibility study is a valuable tool for garnering support and funding for the project.
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The best time to complete a feasibility study is during the planning stages after some initial work has been done to develop a shared vision and goals for the project. If the project leaders and stakeholders do not have consensus or clarity on the project goals, it can be difficult to get meaningful feedback from a feasibility study. It may be more effective to engage stakeholders and spend time clarifying the project’s objectives before undertaking the study.
If the project team or community members have several ideas but not enough information to focus the project, commissioning a more general needs assessment first can be an effective approach. This will not only provide insights into entrepreneur and producer needs, opportunities in your market/community, and recommendations for which direction to go, it will also pave the way for a more focused and successful project.
Community or public sector projects sometimes approach projects with a wider lens, recognizing that kitchens are only one component of developing a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem and food system in their community. They may commission other related studies that answer valuable questions about broader community needs and investments that could make a positive impact in the community. Projects with multiple facility or program components, such as retail and food access, may also warrant additional study. These studies can include:
- Entrepreneurial ecosystem study
- Food system assessment
- Food access study
- Food Innovation District (FID) study
- Food cluster study
- Retail market study
- Value chain map
- Asset map
- Network analysis and map
- Economic impact study
Determining If You Need a Feasibility Study
Feasibility studies can be valuable to almost any project because they provide analysis of your market and expert feedback about the prospects for success. However, they may only be a practical option for some projects. Feasibility studies are generally most valuable for the following types of projects:
- Funding. Projects seeking outside public or philanthropic funding.
- Public partnerships. Projects where a public entity or educational institution is developing the facility or contributing resources, such as land in a public-private partnership.
- Capital. Development projects require significant capital investment and/or sizable operating budgets.
- Capacity. When the project team does not have the expertise or capacity to assess needs, market demand, and financial viability.
- Objectivity. When objectivity is important, a third party is needed to validate the project, weigh in on different visions, or gather candid feedback about stakeholder support for the project.
While feasibility studies are valuable due diligence tools, there may be better options for some projects. A feasibility study may simply be out of reach if there is insufficient funding to pay for one and the prospects for finding funding are poor. Sometimes, this is a matter of timing, and more effort is needed to gather support and funding for a study. In other cases, chasing funding can stall the project, and it may make more sense for the team to start their own market research and business/producer engagement.
If the founder is either an entrepreneur or a set of private partners developing a for-profit kitchen enterprise without public or philanthropic funding, a formal feasibility study may not be necessary. While a feasibility study may still be informative, the founders should evaluate whether a formal report is needed. Alternatively, they can invest resources in market research and industry expertise to inform decision-making.
It is also important to realize that feasibility studies will provide objective feedback about the prospects for the project, and the founders and key stakeholders must be prepared to hear, “No, the project is not feasible.” If the team is not open to this feedback, undertaking a study may not make sense. In these instances, the founders may be seeking a promotional document instead and should clarify their goals. When a formal feasibility study is not done, it is important to invest time and resources into thorough market research and management planning before moving forward.
- Do your homework. Before investing in a new study, research all the related studies that may have been completed by local agencies and organizations to ensure that you are not duplicating work that’s already been done. Sometimes, previous studies will answer critical questions and provide a foundation for the consultant’s research.
- Make a commitment. Devote both time and financial resources to support the study.
- A study will typically take three to six months, not including the proposal and interview period, and will require time from founders and key stakeholders.
- The cost of the study will vary considerably depending on the consultant’s experience/ expertise, the scope of the project, and the travel expenses involved. It will typically range from $30,000–$100,000.
- Scope it out. Define your objectives and develop a clear scope of work outlining what you expect to be included in the study. Be upfront about your budget so consultants’ proposals meet your constraints.
- Gather proposals. Prepare a Request for Proposal (RFP) and solicit proposals from multiple consultants and organizations. Ask for work samples and references to evaluate the quality of their work.
- Hire an expert. Hire a qualified consultant who is knowledgeable about shared kitchens and incubators. A study completed by an unqualified party can raise doubts and may not be accepted by some funders.
- Support the consultant. Create a study advisory board to support the study. Gather a list of stakeholders, entrepreneurs, and community leaders to be interviewed and assist the consultant in gaining access to these individuals.
Conducting Market Research
Before developing a kitchen space and an incubation program, it is essential to understand the market for the space and the services you plan to offer. If you are not hiring a consultant to conduct a feasibility study, you will need to undertake three key areas of research:
- Food business and/or producer needs and desires. This is done through a variety of customer engagement methods.
- Demand for the space provided and supply of other kitchen spaces. This is done through real estate market research.
- The services needed and the demand for these services in your market. This is done through ecosystem analysis and entrepreneurs need assessment/market research.
Even if you are hiring a consultant, engaging in some research to gain firsthand knowledge of your prospective members and market is a good idea. This will help you develop a profile of your target member, refine your value proposition, and design your kitchen solution.
Market research is part art, part science, and part experience. There is not a single surefire way to measure demand for a shared kitchen. It requires compiling information from various sources and interpreting it based on experience and market trends. While this can take some work, it is time well spent to ensure the success of your project. Your market research will inform every aspect of your project plan, from facility design and equipment to services and programs to financial forecasts.
The most common ways to assess entrepreneur/business needs and their interest in a shared kitchen/incubator is through a combination of surveys, interviews, focus groups, and industry research. Determining the market for shared commercial kitchen space will involve researching the supply of kitchen space, local real estate conditions, and other factors that could affect facility utilization.
Surveys
Surveys are the most commonly used tool for assessing interest in shared kitchens for many kitchen projects. They have several important advantages:
- The results can be quantified, making it easier to summarize the responses and illustrate the need for funders and stakeholders. Online survey tools that tally results, such as Qualtrics, SurveyMonkey, Google Forms, and Facebook Surveys, make this task easier.
- They are generally inexpensive to develop and disseminate, particularly if networks can be leveraged to reach the target respondents.
- Fairly detailed information can be gathered quickly and confidentially.
- Surveys can reach entrepreneurs who do not have time or interest in attending community meetings or focus groups. Social media is often a good tool through which to distribute surveys.
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Surveys also have limitations and should not be your only market research tool. They provide limited insight into qualitative factors, such as the motivations and viewpoints of entrepreneurs and producers. For example, questions might ask if the respondent has used any of the existing business support services, but may not uncover the reasons why they haven’t or the perceived value of those services. Therefore it is best to utilize surveys with interviews and/or focus groups that add depth to the survey responses.
Survey data will help you understand your core customer needs and the unmet demand for kitchen space in your community. The responses can help you gauge interest. It is important to remember that most survey respondents will not convert into kitchen members. Some people will express interest because they aspire to start a business but are not ready, or they may move on to other facilities before your kitchen opens.
- Use opening questions that help screen target respondents and classify them into meaningful groups, such as caterers, packaged food businesses, producers, etc., to help you understand what different business types are looking for.
- Consider using an online survey tool that has skip and display logic capabilities, so questions are customized to earlier responses, and respondents only see questions that are relevant to them. This will help to increase the completion rate.
- Ask what stage of business they are in (idea, start-up, number of years, etc.) to help you interpret the results.
- Collect contact information from those who are willing. You can use it to invite them to interviews and focus groups, and it will be the start of your mailing list for events, classes, or other activities.
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- Join social media groups and discussion forums on platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Meetup, and Craigslist to connect with foodies, food businesses, entrepreneurs, and other supporters.
- Make connections with local groups or agencies that come in contact with your target audience. Great places to start are the county Cooperative Extension office, community college business programs, downtown business districts, small business development centers (SBDCs), or industry and trade groups. The local health department may also be able to provide you with a list of new businesses that have registered in your city or county.
- Cultivate a social media following and develop a newsletter mailing list of food entrepreneurs and businesses. Disseminate helpful content to keep them engaged.
- Consider using the targeting capabilities of Google and social media ads (and post boosting) to reach entrepreneurs you may not otherwise be able to find.
- Consider purchasing a survey panel from a survey tool provider, and choose the criteria that fit the type of respondents you want to hear from.
- Use social media to search for and message informal, cottage, and home-based businesses.
- Take out ads in local food-related publications to publicize your survey.
- Attend farmers’ markets, craft markets, and night markets and collect surveys from interested vendors.
- Contact chambers of commerce, neighborhood business associations, economic development offices, SBDCs, business educators, and entrepreneur networking groups.
- Ask businesses where entrepreneurs/producers may shop, such as restaurant supply stores, feed stores, or wholesale grocery outlets, to help you promote or distribute the survey.
- Reach out to service providers in your area who may have relationships with other businesses, such as business coaches/advisors, SBDCs, accountants, lawyers, designers, etc.
- Search for women’s business groups, coaches, and leadership programs.
- Translate your survey into different languages to reach immigrant populations.
- Build relationships with diverse cultural, religious, and community groups whose leaders can serve as ambassadors to new communities. Leave sufficient time to build relationships and for these networks to disseminate information through their channels, such as newsletters.
Interviews and Focus Groups
Interviews and focus groups allow you to understand the business challenges and needs from the target audience’s perspective and give you insight into the audience’s preferred solution. Interviews are usually done with one person at a time, while a focus group lets you hear from several people simultaneously. A focus group is more than a group interview, however. It is an interactive listening session that allows participants to respond to your questions and each other’s remarks in a setting that feels natural. Some of the best insights often arise in the conversations between participants.
Focus groups and interviews complement surveys. They allow participants to share information and feelings in their own words and enable you to follow up with clarifying questions. The goal of interviews and focus groups is to learn not just about needs but also about the motivations and perspectives that inform their decisions. Through interviews and focus groups, you can glean information about entrepreneurs/business owners’ aspirations, experiences, perceptions, and challenges that will inform the facility and services you develop. The information collected with these methods is generally not meant to be quantified like a survey. It is intended to add additional insight and dimension.
Interviews and focus groups are especially beneficial for projects where there has been limited engagement with or limited research on prospective kitchen members. Unless your group has extensive contact with the intended target entrepreneurs or has already conducted relevant research, it is important to have conversations with potential members as part of your planning. Suppose your group is endeavoring to enter a new territory, such as offering business services for the first time or focusing on a different business type. In that case, you will want to understand the needs and perspectives of entrepreneurs and producers early in the process. If you have the resources within your team or network to conduct a focus group, it can be a rich source of insight. If you are planning the project on your own, it may be easier to conduct individual interviews.
Getting Help with Focus Groups
Projects with sufficient funding can benefit from professional help with focus groups. Bringing in a third-party facilitator can ensure the objectivity needed for a successful discussion. Market research firms, consultants, and professional facilitators are generally skillful in the process.
Projects with limited planning budgets can conduct their own focus groups with the help of volunteer facilitators or partner organizations. Look for volunteers and partners among organizations that share your project goals, such as economic development agencies, food policy councils, universities, or local business networks. These organizations may also be able to provide helpful referrals to participants looking for resources. You may also have a nonprofit in your community focused on community
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engagement, facilitation, and/or community leadership development that can provide support. If you are organizing your own focus group, take advantage of online resources to learn more about focus group management, facilitation, and how to form good questions.
Good questions that elicit the information you are looking for are the heart of any interview or focus group. Use open-ended questions that gather insights on feelings, ideas, beliefs, and perceptions and are free of judgments. Avoid “yes” or “no” questions, except for clarification. Ask “why” and “tell me more about that,” to encourage deeper reflection. Refrain from steering participant answers through leading questions or assumptions. Always ask an open-ended question like “What else do you want me to know?” This gives respondents a chance to share things they may not have been asked initially.
- Identify potential members to invite through many of the outreach methods described above in Tips for Reaching Survey Respondents.
- Be prepared to conduct impromptu interviews wherever you may run into entrepreneurs or producers willing to chat.
- Prepare open-ended questions in advance (see tips above).
- Prioritize your questions in case there is not enough time to ask them all.
- Focus on listening objectively and asking follow-up questions that demonstrate interest and empathy
- Listen to what they are saying, not what you think they are saying.
- Be careful to not spend time pitching your kitchen or telling them what they need. This can discourage entrepreneurs from providing candid feedback.
- Offer a small incentive or thank you, such as a gift card, to encourage participants to attend.
- Establish groups of up to 10 participants per facilitator and seat everyone in a circle or table format that allows for interaction.
- Use a recorder (with permission) or have a notetaker for each group.
- Draft open-ended questions in advance (see above).
- Prioritize your questions in case there is not enough time to ask them all.
- Keep responses anonymous when using information gathered.
- Allow the conversation to develop naturally and follow meaningful trains of thought that are “off script” while still keeping to the purpose of the session.
- Encourage the conversation to be interactive and free-flowing between participants.
- Make participants feel comfortable by providing beverages and easy-to-eat snacks.
- Encourage different perspectives to be expressed and create space for different experiences or opinions, but do not allow participants to slip into debate.
- Avoid the temptation to provide advice or jump into problem-solving.
- Refrain from promoting or “selling” participants on anything, including your project. You are there to learn from them. If you wish to include a resource-sharing component in the event, do that at a separate time after you have gathered input.
- Pay attention to nonverbal responses and clarify these verbally as needed.
- Express interest in a neutral manner and avoid giving the impression there is a “right” answer. Refrain from comments and expressions that show praise or disapproval of participant responses, such as head nodding.
- Limit examples that can make people feel there is a “right answer.”
- Be sensitive to cultural context and careful about cultural assumptions and industry jargon. This inclusivity ensures that everyone feels respected and heard.
- Encourage the conversation to go deeper by asking clarifying and follow-up questions.
- Summarize or paraphrase answers periodically, particularly longer ones, to demonstrate active listening and refocus the conversation.
- Manage the time carefully and redirect diversions with phrases like, “Thank you. Perhaps we can discuss that in another session.”
- Tactfully manage any challenging group dynamics. Here are some suggested approaches from the article, Guidelines for Conducting a Focus Group by Eliot & Associates:
- Self-appointed experts: “Thank you. What do other people think?”
- The dominator: “Let’s have some other comments.”
- The rambler: Stop eye contact; look at your watch; jump in at their inhale.
- The shy participant: Make eye contact; call on them; smile at them.
- The participant who talks very quietly: Ask them to repeat their response more loudly.
- Study additional tips on organizing and conducting focus groups as needed.
Entrepreneurs and community members who attend focus groups and community meetings are often in search of resources to support their businesses or entrepreneurial aspirations. Co-hosting with community organizations that provide relevant business or economic opportunity services (business planning, job training, microloans, culinary training, etc.) can be an excellent opportunity to provide valuable resources to event participants in exchange for their insights. In addition, co-hosted and sponsored events are an opportunity for you to strengthen your network with organizations that share your vision and maybe a source of referrals after your facility opens. Sometimes, these organizations can also help underwrite event costs.
Local Market Conditions
It is essential to analyze market factors that influence demand for your kitchen space, even if your kitchen will be run as a nonprofit facility. If you are charging a fee and counting on that fee to pay the bills, you want to be sure there is enough demand for what you are offering. Kitchen utilization is also key to achieving strong outcomes. To effectively assess your market, you’ll need to evaluate several key factors:
- Interest. Gauge the level of interest among your target members, such as entrepreneurs, producers, and expanding businesses, through surveys, interviews, and focus groups.
- Competition. Identify other shared, commissary, or community kitchens in your area, along with alternative production options that your target entrepreneurs might have access to (like cottage food laws that allow for home production).
- Real estate conditions. Analyze the local commercial real estate market, including availability and pricing for kitchen and production space.
- Entrepreneurial activity. Examine trends in food business growth in your region to assess potential demand for your kitchen.
- Headwinds Consider external factors that could affect demand, such as regulatory changes in food safety and licensing, challenges in formalizing home-based businesses, lack of business support services, and difficulties accessing markets or buyers.
Kitchens that fail to understand these market factors are more likely to have insufficient utilization and fall short. Many kitchens underinvest in this research because hiring a consultant can be expensive, and founders may need more experience with market data. In this Toolkit, we aim to give you tips to get you started and make the process less intimidating. However, this is an area where bringing in a consultant or volunteer advisor can be very helpful and save you money in the long term.
Defining Your Market Area
When researching your real estate market, start by defining what geographic area you are likely to draw members from. This market area will be important for analyzing the potential demand. Consider typical driving distances in your area for the kind of businesses you hope to attract, which may differ for rural areas or neighborhoods subject to heavy traffic. Your market area could be a few ZIP codes or an entire city, county, or metropolitan region, depending on your facility, geography, and target business types.
Analyzing Your Competition
Holistically speaking, your competition is other shared or commissary kitchens and all the other options entrepreneurs have for producing their products. These other options are alternative spaces and methods for meeting their production needs, such as cooking at home or hiring a co-packer.
Start assessing your competition by looking for other shared or commissary kitchens in your area and evaluating what they offer. There are several different types of kitchens that businesses rent from that could be competition for your space depending on your target business types and their stage of business. You will want to look into:
- For-profit and nonprofit shared kitchens, incubators, and food innovation centers
- Caterers and packaged food businesses that rent additional time or space
- Commissaries designed for food trucks or carts
- Community kitchens such as community centers, event spaces, and religious centers can be rented by entrepreneurs
- Nonprofit meal programs or workforce training facilities that rent their spaces after hours
- Restaurants and cafés that rent kitchen space when they are closed
- Cottage food laws that allow for home production of certain foods sold directly to consumer
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Remember that rental kitchens sometimes do not advertise or market their space, particularly if they are a food business or community facility renting extra space during off hours. Search for them so you understand the landscape of kitchen options in your community. This will help you evaluate the supply of kitchen space and develop plans that position your kitchen as a unique offering in your community.
Researching the Competition
Start by looking at kitchen listing sites like
- The Kitchen Door
Search for state or locally-operated sites in your area, similar to
- Minnesota Department of Agriculture Commercial Kitchen Directory
- Michigan State Incubator Kitchens Map
- Iowa Kitchen Connect
Conduct online searches for commissary, licensed, shared, or rental commercial kitchens.
Look at classified ads on sites such as craigslist.org and offerup. com. They often include restaurants and food businesses that rent their kitchens when not in use.
Outreach
- Ask entrepreneurs at farmers’ markets, craft fairs, food trucks, etc., where they produce their food and if they know of any shared kitchens in your area. If they are familiar with any kitchens, ask about their experiences or impressions.
- Contact community kitchens in community centers, senior centers, churches, and event centers and ask if they rent space to entrepreneurs for production (not just for on-site events).
- Inquire with local licensing agencies such as city/county public health and state agriculture departments for referrals to shared kitchens.
- Reach out to your local SBDC and other business advisors in your area for referrals.
- If you are having trouble finding kitchens and are comfortable with spreadsheets, you can make a public records request to your local licensing agencies for the names and facility addresses of business types you are interested in (caterers, food trucks, bakers, packaged goods, etc.). Depending on the size of your market area, the data can be time-consuming to sort through but it can identify clusters of businesses at the same address that may indicate businesses are sharing a kitchen. It can also give you a sense of how many of your target businesses there are. By requesting a few years of records, you can look for trends in the number, types, and locations of businesses.
Analysis
Once you have identified these kitchens in your area, research the following:
- Rates and pricing structure. Do they rent hourly or monthly? What are their rates?
- Characteristics and competitiveness. What facilities do they offer? What scale of production do they accommodate? What is the desirability of their location in terms of access to suppliers, markets, parking/ transportation hubs, and security? How clean is the facility? Is the space pleasant to work in?
- Target businesses. What are the primary types of renters in the space? Are they the same business types you anticipate serving at your facility?
- Demand. How full are they? Has the number of shared kitchens in your market grown or declined over the last few years? If kitchens have closed, what have been the reasons?
Keep notes of this research and reflect on how well the current options are meeting the needs of entrepreneurs and producers. Compare your findings to your surveys and interviews. How well is demand meeting supply? Are there gaps in what is available? Are the current offerings unappealing or unworkable in some way (such as high rates, inadequate sanitation, or lack of truck facilities)? How can you improve on what is available and eliminate some key pain points for your target businesses?
Look for opportunities to differentiate your facility from others in the area. This may be by offering specialized equipment, serving a different type or scale of entrepreneurs/businesses, or offering something superior to what is available. Some kitchens have found that by differentiating from existing kitchens in the types of businesses they serve, they can create collaborative referral relationships with other facilities in their area and better withstand competition from new facilities. Take notes on your ideas and findings; you will summarize them in your business plan and marketing plan .
Investigating Demand for Kitchen Space
There are a number of economic and cultural factors that can reduce the demand for shared kitchen space that all projects should evaluate, especially those without direct competition. A common mistake founders make is to assume that if there is not a shared kitchen in their community, there must be demand for one. A market that does not have shared commercial kitchen space may be an exciting opportunity or a sign that there is not enough demand for a kitchen. If you discover no direct competitors in your market (such as formal shared kitchens or incubators), or that existing kitchens are not well utilized, you should find out why that is and carefully assess the demand for kitchen space.
Similarly, if you offer a below-market rate rental, you should not assume that there will be demand simply because entrepreneurs and producers cannot afford other kitchens. Entrepreneurs have formal and informal options and are savvy problem-solvers. Try to look at the choices from the entrepreneurs’ perspective so you can discern how they value shared kitchen space and whether they will use it. Sometimes, what entrepreneurs “should” do, logically or legally, is not what they will choose to do because they are motivated by different interests. It is important to identify our assumptions to assess the opportunity clearly.
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Use the following questions to identify factors that could impact the utilization of your kitchen. If there is a lack of shared kitchen space in your area, investigating these factors will help you understand why.
Entrepreneurial Headwinds
In general, factors that inhibit the growth of small food businesses could impact demand for kitchen space, so it is important to understand the barriers businesses face. These can include lack of access to capital for start-up and expansion expenses, high licensing fees or taxes, unfavorable market trends, restrictive food truck ordinances, lack of skilled workers, etc. Since the kitchen’s success is closely tied to its members, be sure to evaluate the potential impact of these factors on the kitchen. Surveying and interviewing entrepreneurs and researching food industry trends and local policies will help you identify these factors. The Business Incubation Programs chapter provides guidance on developing services to address hurdles businesses face.
Stay alert to changes in food safety and licensing requirements that could reduce the need for your space or place limits on who uses it or how it is used. Examples include: the expansion of the kinds of products that can be made under cottage food rules, limitations on the number of businesses that can share a kitchen, or requirements for businesses to have designated rather than shared prep areas.
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If you discover barriers or conditions in your community that will diminish demand for shared kitchen space, it is a good time to stop and reflect on your options. Check out the Reflecting on Your Findings section for tips.
Informal Home-Based Businesses
If you are targeting small-scale businesses just starting out, or transitioning from a home-based operation, take time to understand how common informal business activity is in your community. Your goal in this outreach is to determine whether informal home-based businesses are interested in formalizing and moving into a commercial kitchen, or if there is a culture of informal business activity that may be a barrier to signing up members.
Informal businesses operate without health or business licenses and generally do not report their earnings on their taxes. There are many reasons why entrepreneurs choose to operate informally, only one of which is a lack of access to affordable commercial space. Understanding what motivates entrepreneurs to make this choice is important so you can determine how likely they are to utilize your space. This will also help you clarify what rates, services, or sales opportunities are likely to motivate businesses to formalize.
Formal businesses have access to greater sales opportunities and growth. However, entrepreneurs may face higher costs, more taxes, and less convenience when they formalize. Some businesses may choose to remain informal despite the availability of a facility or other resources you offer.
Here are some reasons why businesses operate informally and questions you will want to consider:
Do your target entrepreneurs or their families lack legal immigration status, making it
necessary for them to operate informally to avoid legal scrutiny?
Interviews and focus groups with informal/home-based businesses as well as those who work with them (service providers, sales venues, etc.) will be your best bet for gathering this information. You can often find informal food businesses by looking on social media, Facebook groups, roadside stands, informal markets like craft or holiday fairs, corner stores, and small ethnic food markets.
Real Estate Market Conditions
Trends in commercial real estate in your market area also play a role in how much demand there will be for your kitchen. If commercial space is in high demand and expensive, then more businesses may be inclined to share space and stay in shared kitchens longer. If commercial space is relatively abundant and inexpensive, or if there are private spaces that can be converted to food facilities fairly cheaply, then businesses may move into their own spaces at an earlier stage and find less value in sharing space.
When looking at real estate trends in your market, look at the following factors:
- What is the availability of commercial real estate? How quickly are places leasing?
- How much does it cost for a food business to rent a space for its production needs?
- What are typical lease terms?
- Are there many spaces available for your target businesses?
- What improvements are required by the licensing agencies (such as venting, wastewater management, plumbing, parking, etc.) to make a space food-ready?
- How many new commercial spaces are being constructed compared to the growth of businesses in your market? Is there a surplus or are you likely to have a shortage?
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Entrepreneurial Activity
It is important to consider the level of entrepreneurial activity in your area to see if there will be an ongoing pool of new businesses to utilize your space. A consultant or advisor experienced with entrepreneurial ecosystems can help you analyze economic data and other indicators of entrepreneurial activity. If you are doing a feasibility study, your consultant will analyze this as part of their report.
If you do not have access to these services, you can reach out to your local economic development agencies, chambers of commerce, and SBDC to gather their insights. They may also be able to help you find and interpret relevant business data.
In addition, you can search for published reports and articles about trends in food entrepreneurship in your area and your community’s overall startup culture. Local libraries as well as public university libraries in your area may provide access to premium market research databases that feature business data and consumer research reports. If you are comfortable interpreting economic data, download business data from the Census Bureau and other federal and state agencies that track business indicators to analyze the trends in entrepreneurship and food business growth.
You will also want to look at the services, supports, and incentives your community offers entrepreneurs to understand the resources in your entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Industry Research
As part of your market research, keep up with changes in the specialty food market and food industry. Is the market growing for the types of products that are likely to be produced in your facility? Are there consolidations or changes in the retail sector that will make it difficult for small businesses to break into markets? You want to consider how larger food industry trends will impact your members.
Knowledge of the food industry will also help you understand how to serve the needs of food entrepreneurs and producers interested in food processing. The deeper your knowledge, the more likely you will create innovative solutions to help entrepreneurs succeed.
If the founders or project team members do not have experience with food businesses, you will want to bring this expertise to the project. This can be done by adding team members, advisors, or consultants with this experience or by developing your own expertise through research and training. Start by honestly evaluating the knowledge of your team. Few people have knowledge of all aspects of the food industry and the entrepreneurial journey (not to mention how to manage a shared kitchen or incubator). Identify your gaps and think creatively about how to fill them.
If you will be managing the kitchen/incubator and do not have experience in the food industry or with starting a business, make a commitment to deepen your knowledge. It will pay dividends later when working with members. Here are a few ways to do that:
- Attend food business classes sponsored by local organizations or national groups.
- Become a member of national or state industry associations.
- Subscribe to food industry publications and podcasts, and join social media groups and feeds to stay current on trends.
- Volunteer or pick up shifts with a local food business to get a firsthand feel for their work and struggles.
Reflecting on Your Findings
Once you have completed your research, reflect on what you have learned. How has your understanding of prospective members evolved? What is your assessment of the demand for kitchen space? What impact will local economic and real estate conditions and industry trends have on the success of your kitchen and its members?
If your research has revealed a strong base of potential business renters and positive conditions for success, then this is a good time to begin working on building out your business model. Through your research, you will have identified your target business types and can reflect on your understanding of their needs through further research on services and the Value Proposition Canvas exercise.
If your research uncovered challenges that change the outlook for your project, then this is a good time to re-evaluate your strategy. Revisit the goals, outcomes, and strategy screen you created when you initiated your project. Are there changes to your facility plans, target business types, revenue streams, or entrepreneurial supports that would overcome the challenges? Are there other ways to achieve your goals and have an impact?
Networks of Kitchens
A network of kitchens serves as an innovative alternative to traditional shared kitchen spaces by connecting multiple kitchen facilities operated by different entities across a region. Often, participating kitchens are underutilized spaces in churches, community centers, or restaurants. This model offers food entrepreneurs enhanced flexibility and accessibility, allowing them to choose the most suitable kitchen for their specific production needs based on location, schedule, and available equipment. Diverse offerings across the network ensure that businesses can access specialized facilities, such as those for baking or large-scale meal prep, fostering a collaborative environment that encourages resource sharing and innovation.
Several kitchen connecting programs have started in the past decade with the aim of coordinating existing kitchen spaces in the community rather than building a new kitchen. However, financial sustainability has proven challenging for kitchen networks since they lack a rental revenue stream. Staff are often needed to build
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- Build your entrepreneurial ecosystem. Look for other ways to build business support services, improve access to capital, and expand market opportunities for entrepreneurs in the community. Consider developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem development position or organization to enhance connectivity within the ecosystem and accelerate entrepreneurial growth.
- Strengthen your food systems network. Use convening methods, networking mapping tools, and value chain coordination to cultivate a strong network of food systems partners. Through shared goals and improved coordination, these partners can strengthen activities in the local value chain.
- Leverage existing kitchen assets. Partner with existing community or shared kitchens to expand access for entrepreneurs and producers. Some incubators act as intermediaries between entrepreneurs and existing commercial kitchens by providing community-based kitchens with logistical support and entrepreneurs with support services. By facilitating or subsidizing access to existing kitchens, some incubators can more effectively target their resources, focus on providing services, and launch incubation programs with less capital investment.
resources and help organizations with underutilized kitchen spaces, such as churches or community centers, prepare to rent to food businesses. It is also challenging to keep listings for available space current and accurate. Additionally, multiuse facilities have unique management considerations when it comes to shared kitchen rentals. Opening Community Facilities to Food Entrepreneurs: Guidance for Communities and Facility Operators is a guide that provides more information about renting existing community kitchens to food businesses as an alternative to building new facilities. It can be accessed in the References chapter.
Launching Programs Before Facilities
Shared kitchens and kitchen incubators are primary strategies for providing kitchen access, but they exist on a spectrum of solutions to the need for licensed commercial kitchen space. Leveraging existing community resources and offering support services is often an excellent first step for developing a burgeoning entrepreneurial ecosystem. Many shared kitchens and incubators start with entrepreneurship programming, such as Food Business 101 classes or business accelerators, to build clientele and create demand for a physical space. This empowers entrepreneurs with the knowledge to start their businesses and creates a track record that will help your organization raise funds for future projects. The Alchemist Kitchen Case Study provides an example of how launching incubation services first can build the foundation for successful new facilities.
As you evaluate the demand for shared kitchen space and the opportunities within your community, consider creating an asset map to chart the breadth of existing facilities and programs in your entrepreneurial ecosystem. Aggregating access to a network of underutilized commercial kitchen spaces within the community and matching renters with these spaces can be an effective pathway to opening a centralized kitchen space. Communities that lack the resources or demand to support a commercial kitchen may have unique opportunities to collaborate with existing food businesses or community-based kitchens to fill gaps in shared production space. Combined with virtual incubation and business support programs, these strategies can sometimes meet the needs of budding businesses without the need for a new shared kitchen facility.
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Once a cluster of businesses has established itself, facility investments may become more impactful and feasible, supported by the increased demand from new and growing businesses. At this stage, developing a dedicated facility can significantly boost the local food business ecosystem.
- Allows you to open more quickly and show traction for a larger project.
- Helps you understand which kinds of businesses are looking for space and what their needs are.
- Gives insight into the demand for kitchen space and the marketing needed to fill it.
- Helps inform the design criteria and equipment selection for your permanent location.
- Helps you develop a pipeline of members for a larger facility, particularly if the prospective businesses are in need of business training or need a longer runway to launch and become steady renters.
- Provides proof of concept to funders, investors, and other stakeholders needed for a permanent project.
Temporary Locations and Pilot Projects
Some kitchens start with a temporary space, such as a closed restaurant or café, that can be outfitted for shared use with a more modest capital investment. As mentioned above, kitchens in community centers and churches can sometimes be utilized as shared kitchens. For example, many Tribal communities have community centers located on Tribal lands that have large kitchens that may work as a shared kitchen. Starting a shared kitchen in a Tribal community center during hours that are not typically used for community events may provide a way to assess the community’s need for a shared kitchen. Creating a temporary shared kitchen gives the project team the opportunity to test the market and learn more about the demand for space and member utilization patterns.
Considerations
Temporary locations and pilot projects have some special considerations you will want to explore before moving forward with a location. You want to be sure your team has the capacity and resources to effectively manage the facility and meet your project goals.
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- Team capacity. Consider the time and bandwidth your team has to devote to establishing the temporary location and the long-term facility. A temporary space can be time-consuming to secure, outfit, market, and manage, which can detract time and energy from long-term plans. Depending on the size of your team, it can be difficult to focus on planning, fundraising, and development when you are busy managing day-to-day operations.
- Ramp-up time. Be realistic about the length of time it will take you to get the space up and running and recruit members. Remember to budget time for negotiations, cleaning, repairs, inspections, and marketing. You want to make sure your lease period is sufficiently long to make use of the space and achieve your goals for it.
- Suitability of the space and revenue potential. The temporary space may not have all the features that your permanent space will have. This can limit the number or types of businesses that rent space, making it difficult to accurately measure demand, especially in the face of competition from better-equipped facilities. It can also limit the revenues you can earn in the temporary space. Carefully analyze how many and what types of businesses can utilize the facility and calculate your cash flow and costs to determine if there will be sufficient revenue to break even in the temporary location.
- Condition of existing equipment. If the space is outfitted with kitchen equipment, be sure to inspect the equipment and get estimates for needed repairs, servicing, and cleaning. Get clear with the landlord about who is responsible for maintaining and/or replacing the equipment, and include this in your lease agreement. Be sure to budget reserves for repairs and replacements of equipment during the lease period.
- Management commitment. Plan to manage the temporary space with the same care you would the permanent space so you can operate in an organized and professional manner. Plan for adequate staffing to develop kitchen policies and procedures, manage billings in a timely fashion, and enforce sanitation standards. This will help build your reputation among prospective members and allow you to refine your management systems before you expand.
- Branding. Consider how the temporary space reflects your brand and the impression it will give potential renters. Its contribution to your reputation and brand image may outlast your lease of the space. If you have been touting a vision of a new state-of-the-art facility, a temporary space that is in marginal condition or poorly equipped may send the wrong message.
- Messaging. If you are hoping to use the temporary space as a proof of concept, be mindful of the messages the temporary location could send to your stakeholders or funders. While success can attract support, it can also give the impression that you are already meeting the needs and diminish interest in a new facility. To help build a sense of investment in the long-term vision, have a clear and consistent message about your goals and cultivate funder relationships and stakeholder buy-in each step of the way.
Final Thoughts
Market research is a critical step in ensuring your shared kitchen aligns with the real needs of your community. By thoroughly understanding your target audience, competition, and local conditions, you can make informed decisions that shape your kitchen’s services and operations for long-term success. Whether you’re fine-tuning your initial plans or uncovering new opportunities, this research lays the groundwork for building a facility that truly meets the needs of entrepreneurs and captures the demand in your market.
Now that you understand your market, it’s time to develop your pricing strategy. In the next chapter , we outline the best practices for pricing your kitchen’s rentals, storage, and services. You’ll find Mock Pricing Sheets as useful guides, but remember to adjust your prices based on the local market conditions and entrepreneur feedback you uncovered during your research. Your rates and fees must be part of a larger financial strategy, so be sure to continue to the Financial Planning and Management chapter, where you can test your assumptions and map out your kitchen’s long-term profitability.